Surely all praise is for Allah the
Load of the world. We compliment, worship Him and look for his supports. We
also look for his mercy and protection from the wickedness of our own souls and
to the mischief in the land because of our low level of understanding (Naft).
Whomever He guides none shall mislead him or never go astray, and whomever He
allows to astray none shall able to protect him or ever shall he find guidance.
I abide that nobody is obliges to be worshiped but Allah (subhana watala)
alone, who has no partner in return, and I testified that Muhammad (S.A.W) is
His beloved slave and final messenger. I
wish grand him Allah Peace, compassion and sanctification of Allah (Subhana
watala) be upon him, His entire family wives, children’s, and His companions
and that those who Act upon his Sunnah with piety, compliant and good
personality until the Day of Judgment.
An Individual perception plays a key role in organisational behaviour and relationships Before giving the definition of perception I will first of all like to talk about the debate about perception, many academics debated that a perception is very composite mental procedure and at the same time it is of a great benefit to an individual to interact with his/her external world. So without such aptitude, we cannot act in response to the stimuli we get from the general surroundings.
For that reason, we cannot comprehend what is
going around us. For example, when an instructor give an activity to his
students, the tutoring of this activity will be perceived in a different way.
This point out that each an individual student will interpret or comprehend the
activity be contingent on his own cognitive abilities. Some will find it easy,
whereas others will find it demanding.
What is Perception..?
Perception this is means perceiving, that is. Giving connotation to the
particular environment within or around us. It can be defined as a procedure
which comprises receiving, selecting, organising, seeing, interpreting and providing
meaning to the environment around us.
In reality, perception is one of the utmost powerful factors that have a
great impact on education. Likewise any other typical; perception varies from
one person to another. Before moving to the definition of the term perception,
it is important to start with what said:” Minds that have nothing to confer
find little to perceive “. (William and
Burden, 1997)
Another perception is defined as.
Perception is a cognitive the procedure by which we organize and
interpret our sensory impressions in order to give meaningful to the environment. As jagged out, in a
situation may be the same but the interpretation of that circumstances by two
individuals may be enormously different. So Perception defined as the set of
processes by which an individual come to be cognisant of an interprets
information or make sense of information and coherent picture of an environment
in which they live in. The perceptual process can be depicted simplistically in
the following way.
Moreover,
I will like to talk about the factors that Influences Perception of an individual,
these are
The Factor
in Perceiver
The Factor
in the Situation
The Factors
in Target
(1)Factor in perceiver, are as follow
I.
The Attitudes
II.
The Motives
III.
The Interest
IV.
The Experience
V.
The Expectation
The
Attitudes, is an Evaluative Statement or judgement regarding object, people or
value. That Reflect on how you feel about something.
The Motives,
it reflect stimuli that affect or cause to execute particular action. The State
objectives purpose perceived by the perceiver from an occasion or situation,
etc.
The Interest, state that the power the force an
attitude has towards manifestation in person behaviour.
Expectation,
the state that anticipation of a particular behaviour from a person. Affection
what a person perceives.
The Experience,
the Experience and knowledge serve as basis for perception. While one’s
successful Experience enhance his/her perceptive ability, Failure erode his/her
self-confident. Successful experience
also helps perceiver understand stimuli with more accuracy.
2) Factor in the situation, are as
following:
I.
Time
II.
Working
setting
III. Social Setting
Time, time perception is a construction of the
brain that can also be manipulated and studied through a verities of ways
experiment. The factor that affect the perception of how time passes.
I.
Level
of fatigue
II.
Level
of concentration
III. Depression & Happiness
The Working
setting, in our structural or organisational settings, we are regularly
constrained in the countenance of our state of mind (negative and positive)
about the other peoples due to cultural norms or social and to the
communication obstructions initiated the by status and power differentials. Therefore
this may take in part explaining the continuing emphasis in recent years on
training courses in social and interpersonal skills, self-awareness and
personal growth.
(3)Factor in
Target, The characteristics of the target
that is being noticed can affect the perception. It is establish that there is
a propensity to give more attention to stimuli
These as following:
I.
Novelty
II.
Motion
III.
Sound
IV.
Size
V.
Background
VI.
Proximity
VII.
Similarity
The Novelty or something exceptional or peculiar ideas is likely to draw
anyone’s attention. Black and White person or a person in India
catches attention quicker.
The Motion, person or people give more attention
to move object then the stationary object. Example in wild animals went the
lion show a man, the lion will approach the man with a motion.
The Novelty or something exceptional or peculiar ideas is likely to draw
anyone’s attention. Black and White person or a person in India
Sound, the
sound level or noise level is a physical amount measure with gauging
instruments. The Loudness is psycho-physical sensation perceived by human being
auditory perception or the human ear/intellect mechanism. That is not the same.
Moreover, for the speech, music and other sounds system, the physical distinctive
of the sound produce audible range the sensation in the listener. TV radio
advertisement and advertisement.
The Size, the larger object is more is expected
to be perceived by an individual then smaller object. Which one of the
following can the reader comprehend faster? Is the big writing.
Background,
The Proximity,
proximity or geographical proximity is a significant factor formation of the
groups. Aimed at the same purpose an individual behaviour may be perceived to
be group behaviour.
The
Similarities, just how an item that are similar in some way tend to be clustered
together. On resemblances and differences in cultural perceptions of an
individual inn an environment.
In
conclusion, to analyze some social psychological theories that is very significant
for managers to comprehend how workers “see” the world, then we will be in a
better situation to facilitate a productive workplace. From above mentioned
factors that can influence and prejudice our perceptions and, as a result, the
knowledge of these prejudices is needed to temper and informs our perceptions.
And performance appraisals, interviews
assessment of loyalty, exertion and attributing to causes on specific
behaviors. Perceptual errors can lead to lesser employees’ performance, low
spirits and a general decline in an organizational efficacy. Jazallahu khairan
kasira WA Salam.
Bibliography
Truth into Workplace Survey .
(2002). Harvard Business Review, 80(2)-111-118.
E, G. (1998). Sensation and perception
. San Francisco: Brookes Cole.
F., L. (1992). Organisational
Behaviour . New York: MC Graw-Hill.
Heuer & F.Sanders (Eds). (1987). Perpective
on perception and Action. Hills dale: NJ: Erlbaum.
William and Burden. (1997). organisational
. William and burden.
Zalkind S.S and Costello, T.W. (1962).
Perception . research and implication for adminstration science Quarterly,
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