All praise is
due to Allah, may peace, salutation and the blessing be upon the prophet
Muhammad (ﷺ), his entire family, his
companions and those that follow their footsteps with righteous until the last
day. Indeed cash flow helps the financial instructions and businesses to know their cash and its cash equivalents in
order to analyze the cash inflows and outflows in the business or other
institutions support to evaluate the solvency, liquidity and financial
flexibility position of particular financial institutions and businesses.
Moreover, there are steps required to construct and analyzed this statement
which helps the business to manage and recognized its cash inflows and cash
outflows.
Furthermore, it also helps to determine its yield from operating, investing,
financing and yield balance at the end of the particular project. Before, going
further I will like to, first of all, define what is cash..? Cash means to
cash and cash equivalents in the business transactions. Moreover, cash
equivalents are the short term investments which are highly liquid voluntarily
to be converted to a known amount of cash and the near maturity which is actually
three months with the restricted amount the risk of price variance due to an inflation
rate of interest. There are three sections of cash flows statement which help
in financial analysis of any company
ü Operating activities
ü Investing activities
ü Financing activities
Cash flows from Operating
activities are calculated to define as the cash
received from customers subtracted from the cash paid for recurring operating
expenses. Those area salaries, utilities, insurance and any other expenses.
Moreover, when the number of operating activities is positive it means that
mere cash was collected from the customers Moreover when the operating
activities are negative it means the corporation spent more cash than it has
collected from the customers
Cash flows from investing
activities, when talking out the investing
activities you should think about the long term section of the balance sheet which includes the investing in
property, plant and equipment and also including the other corporation which
means buying stock or security of the corporation. Moreover, negative cash
flows means the company is buying more property, plant and equipment or making
new investments in other company while positive cash flows from investment,
means the corporation is selling off some of its properties, plant and
equipment or selling some of its investments in other companies. Furthermore,
if you see this negative from operating activities it means that the company is
selling off the assets to finance its operations.
Cash flows from financing
activities, if you think about financing
reflect on the right side of the balance sheet. Therefore, financing activity
changes the long term debt and stockholder equity including company issuing
new stock or purchasing treasury stock and paying the dividend. Moreover, negative
cash flow from financing is highly desirable especially with a positive
operating cash flows; this negative means either the company is paying back
principal on long term debt or purchasing treasury stock on paying the dividend
when a company purchase treasury stock, they are buying back shares of their
own company and we can say this is a good thing. Furthermore, each of these
share is going to be worth more money while positive cash flows if you see
this its means either the company is borrowing more money long term or issuing
new shares of common stock there may be a good reason but if the company is doing these because they are having a
negative outflows, they run out of money eventually you cannot keep borrowing
without paying back; nobody will buy shares of stock unless you have a good net
income.
Therefore,
cash flows are very important in any financial
institution or company as it is the beginning and end of the financial
institution’s or company’s operational cycle. For that being the case the net
cash flow indicates the end measurement of the profitability of the corporation.
Furthermore, in the construction process of the statement of the assets and
the liabilities, as of an increase of the assets means it is an outflow which
indicates the corporation expenditure which in access is not however good for
the corporation but as of a decrease of an Assets this indicates it is an inflow
of funds in the business which makes the corporation account to be liquidity
and have more chance to reinvested funds again to continue making funds.
Finally, as of a liabilities section, an increase of liabilities means indicate it is an inflow of liabilities in
the corporation and a decrease of liabilities in the corporation indicates it
is an outflow in the corporation.
The
required in constructing the statement cash flows are as follows:
1.
To
construct the cash flows you have to
start with the Net Income from operating activities
2.
To construct the cash flows, secondly need to
adjust the Net Income for the Non-cash expenses and its gains from operating
activities.
3.
To
construct the cash flows, thirdly need to recognize the cash inflows in the
business and cash outflows from the business and these differences occurred in
the current assets and liabilities from operating activities in the business.
4.
To
construct the cash flows, after above-required steps are carried out then you
need sum in order to yield the net cash from operation carryout from the operating
activities.
5.
To
construct the cash flows, you need to get the differences in long term assets that
yield net cash flows from the investing activities from or in the particular
company.
6.
To
construct the cash flows have, therefore, you need to also get the difference
of long term liabilities and its equity account yield net cash in the
transaction from the financing activities of the company.
7.
To
construct the cash flows, moreover, you need to sum up all the transaction from
operating, investing and financing activities of the company or financial institutions.
8. To construct the cash
flows, furthermore to have ending balance, at last, you need to add the net
change in cash to that of the beginning cash balance that yields ending cash of
the company cash flows.
As a result,
these constructive step mentioned above is the required procedure that must be
follow in order to construct a statement of cash flows in any business or
financial institutions who want to control their cash flows. Moreover, the company need a Net Income, depreciation and amortization expense which indicate a positive sign from operating again on the sale of the assets which indicate
negative and its show that it is an outflow from operating activities, the account
receivable which also indicates a negative sign which means it is deducted from Net
Income in the transaction from operating activities, the Inventories of the
company and Prepaid are all positive which are inflow and they sum them
together in the company.
In addition, the company accounts payable which indicate it is negative and
deducted from the positive cash flows the accrued expenses is also positive
which it will be deducted from negative cash flow in the particular transaction business of the company from operating activities. When
the company has purchased equipment for the business progression and
enlargement because of the growth of the business and the well-being of the
business which is part of the cost that is why it indicates negative. Moreover, the
sale of equipment which indicates a positive sign when calculating the Net cash
flow from investing.
In conclusion, the ideal cash flows situation would be for the company to have a
positive operation along with negative operating and financing of cash flows.
Moreover, which mean that the company is making so much money from the operation that is it able to make a new investment in property, plant and
equipment or other companies as well as pay long term debt, pay dividend or
purchasing treasury stock that is a good solid company that one can invest /her
funds furthermore, the worst cash flow situation to be in would be for the company
to have negative cash flows from operating along with positive investing and financing cash flows that means
the company is selling its assets, borrowing more or issuing new stock to
finance the operation, the company to continue
dong that period after period.
Bibliography
AMUZU, M. S. ( 2010). CASH FLOW RATIO AS A
MEASURE OF PERFORMANCE OF LISTED COMPANIES IN EMERGING ECONOMIES. Turks and Caicos Islands: St. Clements University.
corporate finance institute. (2019, March 14). Statement of Cash Flows. Retrieved from corporate finance institute:
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/accounting/statement-of-cash-flows/
PEAVLER, R. (2019, August 14). How to Prepare a
Statement of Cash Flows Using the Indirect Method. Retrieved from Small
Business:
https://www.thebalancesmb.com/how-to-prepare-a-statement-of-cash-flows-393584
Rober, J. J. (2007). FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS
. New York: McGraw Hill Education (India) Limited.
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